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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging
17:14

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: October 9, 2012

Coherent spin transfer between molecularly bridged quantum dots.

Min Ouyang1, David D Awschalom

  • 1Department of Physics and Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computing, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 2, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Conjugated molecules efficiently transfer spin coherence between quantum dots at room temperature, demonstrating potential for molecule-based spintronic devices.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Spintronics
  • Quantum Dot Networks
  • Spin Coherence Transfer

Background:

  • Quantum dots (QDs) are crucial for nanoscale electronics.
  • Efficient spin coherence transfer is vital for spintronic applications.
  • Molecular bridges offer potential for interconnecting nanoscale components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spin coherence transfer through conjugated molecular bridges between quantum dots.
  • To determine the efficiency of spin transfer at various temperatures.
  • To explore the potential of these structures for molecule-based spintronics.

Main Methods:

  • Femtosecond time-resolved Faraday rotation spectroscopy.
  • Utilizing quantum dots of varying sizes connected by conjugated molecular bridges.

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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
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Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
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Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

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Last Updated: Jul 22, 2026

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging
17:14

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging

Published on: October 9, 2012

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
15:47

Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

Published on: November 1, 2013

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection
12:57

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

Published on: October 13, 2017

  • Temperature-dependent measurements.

    • Main Results:

    • Instantaneous transfer of spin coherence was observed.
    • Room-temperature spin-transfer efficiency reached approximately 20%.
    • Conjugated molecules act as efficient spin channels.

    Conclusions:

    • Conjugated molecules facilitate efficient spin coherence transfer between quantum dots.
    • These structures show promise for developing two-spin quantum devices operating at ambient temperatures.
    • The findings open avenues for versatile molecule-based spintronic technologies.