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The second PGD(2) receptor CRTH2: structure, properties, and functions in leukocytes.
1R&D Centre, Bio Medical Laboratories, Inc, 1361-1 Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1101, Japan. nagata@alk.co.jp
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids
|August 5, 2003
Summary
The Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) system, particularly the CRTH2 receptor, plays a key role in allergic inflammation. This receptor stimulates Th2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils, contributing to inflammatory responses.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes.
- Previously, the PGD2 receptor DP was considered the primary mediator of PGD2's actions.
- Recent research has identified a second PGD2 receptor, CRTH2, with distinct functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings on the PGD2/CRTH2 receptor system.
- To elucidate the structure, distribution, ligand selectivity, signaling, and functions of CRTH2 in leukocytes.
- To highlight the role of the PGD2/CRTH2 system in allergic inflammation.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on CRTH2.
- Analysis of data on CRTH2 structure and tissue distribution.
- Examination of CRTH2's ligand selectivity and signaling pathways.
- Investigation of CRTH2's functions in various leukocyte types.
Main Results:
- CRTH2 is a distinct PGD2 receptor with functions separate from DP.
- The PGD2/CRTH2 system is implicated in the regulation of Th2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils.
- CRTH2 activation leads to stimulatory effects on these immune cells.
Conclusions:
- The PGD2/CRTH2 system is a significant factor in allergic inflammation.
- CRTH2 mediates PGD2's effects on key inflammatory cells involved in allergies.
- Targeting the PGD2/CRTH2 pathway may offer therapeutic strategies for allergic diseases.