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Plants and the central nervous system.

E A Carlini1

  • 1Department of Psychobiology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua: Botucatu, 862 Ed. Ciências Biomédicas, 1o andar, CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. carlini@psicobio.epm.br

Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
|August 5, 2003
PubMed
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This review explores plants affecting the central nervous system (CNS), including stimulant, psycholeptic, and psychodysleptic effects. Many plant-derived CNS agents are used therapeutically for various human ailments.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Ethnobotany
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Plants exhibit a wide range of central nervous system (CNS) activities.
  • Many plant species are traditionally used for medicinal purposes, impacting mood, cognition, and physical health.
  • Understanding these plant-based CNS effects is crucial for both traditional and modern therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review plant species with psychoanaleptic, psycholeptic, and psychodysleptic activities.
  • To highlight plants used for weight reduction, as adaptogens, for mind alteration, and for their analgesic or anxiolytic properties.
  • To discuss the use of crude or semi-purified plant extracts versus isolated active compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies.

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  • Categorization of plants based on their CNS effects (stimulant, depressant, hallucinogenic).
  • Analysis of therapeutic applications and traditional uses of selected plant species.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified psychoanaleptic plants (e.g., Ephedra spp., Paullinia spp.) used for weight reduction and as adaptogens.
    • Reviewed psychodysleptic plants (e.g., Cannabis sativa, Tabernanthe iboga) with therapeutic potential for altered states of mind.
    • Analyzed psycholeptic plants (e.g., Passiflora incarnata, Valeriana spp.) exhibiting analgesic and anxiolytic effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Numerous plant species possess significant CNS activity, spanning stimulant, depressant, and hallucinogenic effects.
    • Several plant-derived compounds are valuable in treating human ailments, with ongoing research into their therapeutic mechanisms.
    • The use of whole plant extracts versus isolated compounds warrants further investigation regarding efficacy and safety.