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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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Purification and characterization of a novel growth factor (FF-GF) synthesized by a rat hepatoma cell line, FF101.

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The 11q- syndrome with mosaic partial deletion of 11q.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
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A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii

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[Basic and clinical studies on cefprozil in pediatrics].

Y Kainou1, S Matsumoto, K Kida

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ehime University.

The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics
|December 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Cefprozil (CFPZ) demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetics and high urinary excretion after oral administration. Clinical studies showed good responses in pediatric infections with minimal side effects.

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A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
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Published on: January 22, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Microbiology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cefprozil (CFPZ) is an oral cephalosporin antibiotic.
  • Understanding its pharmacokinetic and clinical efficacy is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefprozil (CFPZ) after oral administration.
  • To assess the clinical and bacteriological efficacy of CFPZ in pediatric infections.

Main Methods:

  • Single oral doses of CFPZ (7.5 mg/kg) were administered to assess serum levels and urinary excretion (HPLC).
  • CFPZ was administered daily (19–47.3 mg/kg/day) to 17 pediatric patients with infections.

Main Results:

  • Peak serum levels of CFPZ ranged from 2.9–5.5 µg/ml at 1 hour, with trace levels at 6 hours.
  • Urinary excretion rates were high, ranging from 45.7–102.3% within 6 hours.
  • All 17 pediatric cases, including 16 respiratory infections and 1 external otitis, showed good clinical and bacteriological responses.

Conclusions:

  • Cefprozil exhibits favorable absorption and high urinary excretion.
  • CFPZ is effective and well-tolerated for treating pediatric infections, with diarrhea and eosinophilia as observed side effects.