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Development of electrochemical methods for determination of tramadol--analytical application to pharmaceutical dosage
E M P J Garrido1, J M P J Garrido, F Borges
1CEQUP/Departamento Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua S. Tomé, 4200-485 Porto, Portugal.
Abstract:
A square-wave voltammetric (SWV) method and a flow injection analysis system with amperometric detection were developed for the determination of tramadol hydrochloride. The SWV method enables the determination of tramadol over the concentration range of 15-75 microM with a detection limit of 2.2 microM. Tramadol could be determined in concentrations between 9 and 50 microM at a sampling rate of 90 h(-1), with a detection limit of 1.7 microM using the flow injection system. The electrochemical methods developed were successfully applied to the determination of tramadol in pharmaceutical dosage forms, without any pre-treatment of the samples. Recovery trials were performed to assess the accuracy of the results; the values were between 97 and 102% for both methods.