Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Linear Circuits01:17

Linear Circuits

A linear circuit is characterized by its output having a direct proportionality to its input, adhering to the linearity property, which encompasses the principles of homogeneity (scaling) and additivity. Homogeneity dictates that when the input, also referred to as the excitation, is multiplied by a constant factor, the output, known as the response, is correspondingly scaled by the same constant factor. For instance, if the current is multiplied by a constant 'k,' the voltage likewise...
Classification of Systems-I01:26

Classification of Systems-I

Linearity is a system property characterized by a direct input-output relationship, combining homogeneity and additivity.
Homogeneity dictates that if an input x(t) is multiplied by a constant c, the output y(t) is multiplied by the same constant. Mathematically, this is expressed as:
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:19

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity01:22

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters01:27

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Role of Transporters

A drug's nonlinear kinetics can be influenced by a diverse range of transporter proteins that serve as crucial players in drug distribution. These transporters, found within cells, can enhance or reduce local drug concentrations by facilitating the influx or efflux of drugs. For instance, the expression of xenobiotic transporters can be influenced by factors such as age and gender, potentially impacting the linearity of drug response.
Polymorphisms occurring in drug transporters can alter...
Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The impact of gut microbiome on intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy-systematic literature review.

Frontiers in medicine·2026
Same author

Editorial: Community series in the immunological role of the maternal microbiome in pregnancy, Volume II.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

A response to the Comment on "The effect of end-tidal carbon dioxide levels on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke: an INFOMATAS study".

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

"Aare You Safe?" River-related presentations and clinical outcomes at a Swiss tertiary emergency department: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Swiss medical weekly·2026
Same author

The effect of end-tidal carbon dioxide levels on dynamic cerebral autoregulation and clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke: An INFOMATAS study.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2026
Same author

A primary cell-based fluidic co-culture model to investigate drug transport across the human placenta.

The Journal of physiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)
07:44

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)

Published on: September 26, 2010

Linearity and non-linearity in cerebral hemodynamics.

Cole A Giller1, Martin Mueller

  • 1The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8855, USA. cole.giller@utsouthwestern.edu

Medical Engineering & Physics
|August 6, 2003
PubMed
Summary

The blood pressure and velocity system in the brain is non-linear, not linear. This finding impacts our understanding of cerebral hemodynamics and autoregulation.

More Related Videos

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression
11:26

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression

Published on: December 10, 2014

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry
07:12

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Published on: January 19, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)
07:44

Assessment of Cerebral Lateralization in Children using Functional Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (fTCD)

Published on: September 26, 2010

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression
11:26

Assessing Cerebral Autoregulation via Oscillatory Lower Body Negative Pressure and Projection Pursuit Regression

Published on: December 10, 2014

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry
07:12

Evaluation of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in the Rat Using Laser Doppler Flowmetry

Published on: January 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Cerebral hemodynamics are studied using Transcranial Doppler ultrasound.
  • Linear modeling inadequately describes the blood pressure/velocity input/output system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the cerebral blood pressure/velocity system is linear or non-linear.
  • To assess the adequacy of linear modeling for cerebral hemodynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed properties of cerebral blood flow from a systems perspective.
  • Tested autoregressive (ARX) and output-error (OE) models with subject data.
  • Utilized time-frequency analysis to detect non-linear behaviors.
  • Developed computer models of autoregulation to simulate oscillations.

Main Results:

  • Linear models poorly described cerebral hemodynamics.
  • ARX and OE models demonstrated inadequate performance.
  • Time-frequency analysis revealed non-linear and non-stationary dynamics.
  • Simulated autoregulation produced spontaneous oscillations.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebral blood pressure/velocity system exhibits non-linear characteristics.
  • Evidence strongly supports a non-linear model for cerebral hemodynamics.