Construction of a ribozyme-expression system that effectively transports ribozymes to the cytoplasm

In our previous studies, it was demonstrated that the activity of a ribozyme in vivo was governed by several parameters, which include a high level-expression of ribozyme, the intracellular stability of the ribozyme and colocalization of the ribozyme with its target RNA in the same cellular compartment. To generate ribozymes with significant activity in vivo, we have developed a ribozyme-expression system based on a human tRNA(Val) promoter. Our tRNA-embedded ribozymes produced by our ribozyme-expression system remain relatively stable in cultured cells with half-lives longer than 30 min. Moreover, tRNA-ribozymes with a cloverleaf structure were efficiently exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where they would effectively cleave target RNAs. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the secondary structure of the tRNA-ribozymes and the transport efficacy of them in mammalian cells by using a screening system in vivo. Furthermore, we also investigated the mechanism of the export of tRNA-embedded ribozymes both in mammalian cells and in Xenopus oocytes.