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Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo
Published on: March 26, 2019
[Areas of brain involved in immunoregulation]
1Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100005, China. gaoyang_1956@hotmail.com
Objective:
To study the location of brain areas involved in immunoregulation.
Methods:
Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the different distribution of cytokines immunopositive cells in the brain of rats immunized via both intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections.
Results:
The cytokines immunopositive cells were distributed in the supraoptic (SO) and paraventricular (PV) nuclei of the hypothalamus, the anterior hypothalamic (AH) nucleus, arcuate and median eminence, the lateral hypothalamic nucleus (LH) and the amygdaloid nuclear complex while only the appearance of the cytokines immunopositive cells in LH and amygdaloid nuclear complex in hypothalamus was related with immunization status of the animals. Double-labelling results showed that the cytokines immunopositive cells were neurons.
Conclusions:
We have observed that neurons of the LH and amygdaloid nuclear complex in hypothalamus as a main source of the neuroimmunoregulation played a key role in neuroimmunoregulation and they participated in the neuroimmunoregulation at an early stage of the immune response.
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