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Biological variation in variables associated with exercise training.

M Bagger1, P H Petersen, P K Pedersen

  • 1Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Main Campus: Odense University, Denmark. mbagger@health.sdu.dk

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|August 9, 2003
PubMed
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Performance and physiological variables show low within-subject variation and critical difference, making them ideal for tracking training changes. Metabolic and hormonal variables exhibit higher variation, suggesting they are less sensitive to training-induced shifts.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Identifying training-induced changes requires understanding baseline variability.
  • Quantifying sources of variation (between-subjects, within-subjects) and critical difference is essential for accurate interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate variability metrics (coefficient of variation, sources of variance, critical difference) across diverse variable categories in moderately trained runners.
  • To determine which variable types are most sensitive to training-induced changes.

Main Methods:

  • Measured performance, physiological, metabolic, hormonal, immunological, and mood state variables in 15 male runners over 7 weeks (3 occasions).
  • Calculated total, between-subjects, and within-subjects coefficient of variation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Determined relative sources of variance and within-subjects critical difference for each variable category.

    • Main Results:

    • Performance and physiological variables had the lowest critical difference (11.9%) and highest between-subjects variance (78.9%).
    • Metabolic and hormonal variables showed the highest critical difference (59.9%) with significant within-subjects variance (53.4%).
    • Immunological variables had a high critical difference (47.4%), while psychological variables had a lower critical difference (26.8%).

    Conclusions:

    • Performance, physiological, and psychological variables, due to their low critical difference and within-subject variation, are suitable primary markers for training-induced changes.
    • Metabolic, hormonal, and immunological variables exhibit higher variability, making them less ideal for detecting subtle training adaptations.