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Cytomegalovirus-induced gingival hyperplasia.

Jasjeet Kaur1, Parminder Singh, Donald Levine

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit Medical Center, Troy, MI 48083, USA. kaurjasjeet@hotmail.com

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|August 9, 2003
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of gingival hyperplasia, a gum overgrowth condition, was linked to cytomegalovirus infection in an HIV-positive man. This highlights an unusual manifestation of cytomegalovirus in immunocompromised individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Oral pathology
  • Infectious diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common but typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals.
  • In immunocompromised patients, such as those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), CMV can cause severe disease.
  • Gingival hyperplasia is an overgrowth of gum tissue, which can have various causes.

Observation:

  • A 33-year-old male patient with a known history of HIV presented with an unusual condition.
  • The patient exhibited significant gingival hyperplasia, a rare oral manifestation.
  • Diagnostic investigations revealed a concurrent cytomegalovirus infection.

Findings:

  • The gingival hyperplasia was directly associated with the active cytomegalovirus infection.

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  • This case represents a rare clinical presentation of CMV infection in an HIV-positive individual.
  • The findings suggest CMV can induce significant oral tissue changes in the context of severe immunosuppression.

    • Implications:

    • This case underscores the importance of considering opportunistic infections like CMV in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions in HIV patients.
    • Early recognition and management of CMV infections may prevent severe complications, including unusual presentations like gingival hyperplasia.
    • Further research may elucidate the mechanisms by which CMV induces such proliferative responses in oral tissues.