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Human chromosome 16 conservation in primates.

Doriana Misceo1, Mario Ventura, Verena Eder

  • 1Sezione di Genetica, DAPEG, Via Amendola 165/A 70126 Bari, Italy.

Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology
|August 9, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Human chromosome 16 organization reveals its two arms, 16p and 16q, were once separate. They fused in an ancient catarrhine ancestor, forming the chromosome seen today in humans and Old World monkeys.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Comparative genomics
  • Primate evolution

Background:

  • Understanding chromosome organization is crucial for evolutionary studies.
  • Human chromosome 16 (HSA16) organization provides insights into primate genome evolution.
  • Previous studies have suggested varying chromosomal structures across primate lineages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history and organization of the chromosome orthologous to human chromosome 16 (HSA16) in primates.
  • To determine when and how HSA16 achieved its current structure.
  • To identify chromosomal rearrangements in different primate groups.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) was employed.
  • A panel of 8 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) probes specific to HSA16 was utilized.

Related Experiment Videos

  • FISH experiments were conducted on various primate species, including great apes, Old World monkeys, New World monkeys, and lemurs.
  • The domestic cat was used as an outgroup for phylogenetic comparisons.

    • Main Results:

    • HSA16's two major arms, 16p and 16q, existed as separate chromosomes in a common primate ancestor.
    • A fusion event of these two ancestral chromosomes occurred in a Catarrhini (Old World monkeys and apes) ancestor.
    • This fusion event resulted in the conserved HSA16 structure observed in humans, great apes, and Old World monkeys.
    • Significant chromosomal rearrangements involving HSA16 were identified in New World monkeys.

    Conclusions:

    • The current organization of HSA16 is a result of a specific fusion event in Catarrhini evolution.
    • Comparative genomic analysis using FISH is effective for reconstructing chromosomal evolution.
    • New World monkeys exhibit distinct chromosomal evolutionary paths compared to Catarrhini.