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Nitrification and denitrification using a single biofilter packed with granular sulfur.

J S Kim1, Y W Hwang, C G Kim

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Gu, Inchon, 402-751, South Korea.

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
|August 9, 2003
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates granular sulfur biofilters effectively treat low-carbon wastewater. The process efficiently removes solids, organic matter, and nitrogen compounds, achieving high nitrification and denitrification rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Engineering
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Bioreactor Design

Background:

  • Domestic wastewater often presents challenges for treatment, especially with low carbon content.
  • Conventional nitrification/denitrification processes require specific conditions and media.
  • Granular sulfur offers potential as a dual-function material in wastewater treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a granular sulfur packed nitrification/denitrification biofilter.
  • To treat low carbon loaded domestic wastewater from a primary clarifier.
  • To assess the system's performance under varying operational conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a uniquely designed single biofilter packed with granular sulfur.
  • Treated domestic wastewater with varying inflow rates, organic loads, and nitrogen loads.

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  • Monitored removal efficiencies of suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and total nitrogen (T-N).

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved consistent removal of SS (up to 90%) and COD (up to 80%) regardless of flow rate.
    • Demonstrated high decomposition of TKN (up to 90%) and efficient nitrification (up to 92%) and denitrification (up to 87%).
    • Observed total nitrogen (T-N) removal up to 46% with nitrification and denitrification rates of 0.65 and 0.55 kg/m3 x day, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • Granular sulfur serves effectively as both an electron donor and a filter medium.
    • The developed biofilter is efficient for treating low carbon loaded wastewater.
    • The process shows promise for simultaneous removal of SS, COD, and nitrogen compounds.