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Demineralized bone matrix polydioxanone composite as a substitute for bone graft: a comparative study in rats
L S Nichter1, M Yazdi, K Kosari
1Division of Plastic Surgery, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027.
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|September 1, 1992
Summary
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) combined with a polydioxanone (PDS) template shows superior bone regeneration and mechanical strength compared to autogenous bone grafts (ABG) in rat cranial defects.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Regenerative Medicine
- Orthopedic Surgery
Background:
- Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a bone graft substitute, but lacks mechanical stability.
- Autogenous bone grafts (ABG) cause donor site morbidity and resorption.
- Polydioxanone (PDS) is a slowly resorbable material that can serve as a template.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of DBM combined with a PDS template for cranial defect repair in rats.
- To compare the bone regeneration and mechanical properties of DBM/PDS to ABG/PDS and controls.
Main Methods:
- A 9x9 mm cranial defect model was created in rats.
- Defects were treated with DBM/PDS, ABG/PDS, or PDS alone (control).
- Histological, biochemical, and mechanical push-out tests were performed at 1 and 3 months.
Main Results:
- DBM/PDS and ABG/PDS showed well-formed bone histologically and biochemically.
- DBM/PDS mechanical strength increased from 65% to 100% of intact skull by 3 months.
- ABG/PDS was weaker than DBM/PDS and not significantly stronger than PDS alone.
Conclusions:
- DBM/PDS demonstrates superior bone regeneration and mechanical integration compared to ABG/PDS in a rat cranial defect model.
- This combination offers a promising osteoinductive bone substitute with enhanced mechanical properties.
- DBM/PDS avoids the disadvantages associated with autogenous bone grafting.