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Vaccination to prevent type 1 diabetes
1La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, Division of Immune Regulation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. matthias@liai.org
Immune-based interventions to treat or prevent autoimmune disorders are opening up entirely novel therapeutic avenues. Presently, systemic immune modulators such as antibodies to cytokines or cell-surface molecules (i.e., costimulators) are undergoing clinical testing or are already in use. The next generation of interventions will function in an antigen-specific way. These strategies are more difficult to design, because successful immunization or vaccination has to be monitored on an individual basis and dose/route/timing considerations play an essential role. Both will be discussed in this chapter and suitable combinatorial approaches will be suggested.
Immune-based interventions to treat or prevent autoimmune disorders are opening up entirely novel therapeutic avenues. Presently, systemic immune modulators such as antibodies to cytokines or cell-surface molecules (i.e., costimulators) are undergoing clinical testing or are already in use. The next generation of interventions will function in an antigen-specific way. These strategies are more difficult to design, because successful immunization or vaccination has to be monitored on an individual basis and dose/route/timing considerations play an essential role. Both will be discussed in this chapter and suitable combinatorial approaches will be suggested.