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Human infection with foamy viruses.

W Heneine1, M Schweizer, P Sandstrom

  • 1HIV and Retrovirology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mail Stop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Wmh2@cdc.gov

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|August 12, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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Simian foamy virus (SFV) infects most nonhuman primates. Human FV infections are rare, zoonotic, and linked to occupational primate exposure, with no evidence of human-to-human spread.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Primate Health
  • Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • Simian foamy virus (SFV) exists in distinct, species-specific clades across virtually all nonhuman primate species.
  • No evidence for a human-specific foamy virus (FV) has been established.
  • Previous reports of widespread human FV infection remain unconfirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin and characteristics of foamy virus infections in humans.
  • To address public health concerns regarding SFV zoonosis, including pathogenicity and transmissibility.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and case reports on human FV infections.
  • Analysis of data from individuals occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates.

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Main Results:

  • All documented human FV infections are of zoonotic origin, primarily in individuals with occupational primate contact.
  • Current data suggest SFV infections in humans are nonpathogenic.
  • Evidence indicates limited human-to-human transmissibility of SFV.

Conclusions:

  • Human FV infections are exclusively zoonotic, originating from nonhuman primates.
  • SFV infections in humans appear to be nonpathogenic and poorly transmissible between people.
  • Further research is necessary to determine the prevalence and natural history of SFV in human populations.