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Overview of Protein Metabolism

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis
08:58

Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis

Published on: January 5, 2017

[Cytokines and nutritional disorders].

Sophie Layé1, Laurent Gautron

  • 1EA 2972 Laboratoire des Régulations Neuroendocriniennes, Université Bordeaux 1, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France.

Journal De La Societe De Biologie
|August 13, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Anorexia during infection is an adaptive immune response, not just a symptom. Brain-produced interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates this response by affecting appetite-regulating neurons.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Infections trigger decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure, a phenomenon known as anorexia.
  • While often viewed negatively, anorexia during illness is increasingly recognized as a beneficial host defense mechanism.
  • Cytokines, produced by immune cells, are implicated in mediating anorexia during infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of cytokine-induced anorexia during infection.
  • To highlight the role of central interleukin-1 (IL-1) in mediating anorexia.
  • To explore the neuroanatomical and hormonal pathways involved in infection-induced appetite suppression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cytokine signaling and appetite regulation.
  • Discussion of studies using knockout mice and IL-1 receptor antagonists to investigate IL-1's role.

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  • Analysis of functional neuroanatomy studies identifying activated brain regions.
  • Examination of the interplay between IL-1, leptin, and neuropeptides in the hypothalamus.

    • Main Results:

    • Peripheral infections stimulate de novo synthesis of IL-1 within the brain.
    • Central IL-1 acts on its receptors to induce anorexia, confirmed by genetic and pharmacological studies.
    • IL-1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activate specific hypothalamic neurons controlling food intake.
    • IL-1 influences leptin regulation, suggesting its involvement in anorexia of infection.

    Conclusions:

    • Cytokine-induced anorexia is an adaptive immune strategy for pathogen elimination.
    • Central IL-1 plays a critical role in mediating anorexia during infection.
    • Hypothalamic neuropeptides regulated by IL-1 and leptin are key mediators of anorexia during infection.