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Ocular manifestations in paediatric HIV/AIDS patients in Mulago Hospital, Uganda

Erick Ikoona1, Israel Kalyesubula, Medi Kawuma

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.

African Health Sciences
|August 13, 2003
PubMed

Insights

Ocular complications affect 35% of HIV-infected children in Uganda, with conjunctivitis and retinal perivasculitis being common. This study highlights the need for more research on pediatric HIV/AIDS ocular manifestations.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Uganda faces a high burden of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with an average prevalence of 12% and approximately 30,000 HIV-infected infants annually.
  • Ocular complications are common in HIV/AIDS patients, yet data on pediatric manifestations in Uganda is scarce.
  • Understanding pediatric ocular manifestations is crucial for comprehensive HIV/AIDS care in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS in Ugandan children.
  • To document both external ocular findings and internal (intraocular) lesions, with a specific focus on retinal changes.
  • To contribute knowledge on pediatric HIV/AIDS ocular disease, differentiating it from adult presentations.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, hospital-based study design was employed.
  • The study was conducted at the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic, Upper Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
  • 158 HIV-infected children (with or without AIDS symptoms) underwent ophthalmic examinations after parental interviews for socio-demographic data.

Main Results:

  • 35% of the 158 HIV-infected children examined presented with ophthalmic involvement.
  • The most frequent ocular findings included non-purulent conjunctivitis (12%) and peripheral retinal perivasculitis (12%).
  • Molluscum contagiosum was also noted as a significant finding.

Conclusions:

  • HIV infection in Ugandan children is associated with a substantial rate of ocular complications.
  • Conjunctivitis and retinal perivasculitis are prevalent ocular manifestations in this pediatric cohort.
  • Further research is warranted to fully understand and manage the spectrum of ocular diseases in pediatric HIV/AIDS.
Abstract

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