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Related Concept Videos

Pinocytosis00:43

Pinocytosis

Cells use energy-requiring bulk transport mechanisms to transfer large particles, or large amounts of small particles, into or out of the cell. The cells envelop the particles in spherical membranes called vesicles or vacuoles. Vesicles that transport material into the cell are built from the cell membrane. These vesicles encapsulate external molecules and transport them into the cell in a process called endocytosis.
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Pinocytosis00:38

Pinocytosis

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Pinocytosis ("cellular drinking") is one of three main types of endocytosis. In...
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

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Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro
10:01

Directed Assembly of Elastin-like Proteins into defined Supramolecular Structures and Cargo Encapsulation In Vitro

Published on: April 8, 2020

Guest encapsulation in a water-soluble molecular capsule based on ionic interactions.

Francesca Corbellini1, Luigi Di Costanzo, Mercedes Crego-Calama

  • 1Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, Mesa+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 14, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a water-soluble molecular capsule using ionic interactions. This supramolecular assembly exhibits strong binding in water, enabling molecular recognition applications in aqueous environments.

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Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
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Rapid Encapsulation of Reconstituted Cytoskeleton Inside Giant Unilamellar Vesicles

Published on: November 10, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Development of water-soluble molecular capsules is crucial for biological and chemical applications.
  • Ionic interactions offer a promising route for constructing robust supramolecular assemblies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel water-soluble molecular capsule.
  • To investigate the binding properties and potential applications of this assembly in aqueous media.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the molecular capsule.
  • Characterization using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy.
  • Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for structural confirmation.
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to determine binding affinity.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of a water-soluble molecular capsule.
  • Demonstrated strong association in water with an association constant (Ka) of 3.3 x 10^4 M^-1.
  • Confirmation of the assembly's stability and solubility in aqueous solution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed molecular capsule is stable and soluble in water.
  • The system's strong binding affinity makes it suitable for molecular recognition in pure water.
  • Opens avenues for applications in aqueous-phase sensing and delivery systems.