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Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.

James J Gross1, Oliver P John

  • 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305-2130, USA. james@psych.stanford.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|August 15, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Individual differences in emotion regulation strategies, like reappraisal and suppression, impact well-being and relationships. Reappraisal benefits emotional experience and social functioning, while suppression has negative effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Individuals employ various emotion regulation strategies, including cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression.
  • Individual differences in the habitual use of these strategies are hypothesized to influence psychological outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate measures for habitual emotion regulation strategies.
  • To investigate the implications of individual differences in reappraisal and suppression for affect, well-being, and social relationships.

Main Methods:

  • Five studies were conducted, including the development of new measurement tools for reappraisal and suppression.
  • Validation of these measures was assessed through convergent and discriminant validity.
  • The studies examined emotional experience, emotional expression, interpersonal functioning, and subjective well-being.

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Main Results:

  • Reappraisal was associated with greater positive emotion and less negative emotion, alongside better interpersonal functioning and higher well-being.
  • Suppression was linked to less positive emotion and more negative emotion, poorer interpersonal functioning, and lower well-being.

Conclusions:

  • Habitual use of reappraisal is positively associated with emotional health, interpersonal functioning, and overall well-being.
  • Habitual use of suppression is negatively associated with emotional health, interpersonal functioning, and overall well-being.
  • Individual differences in emotion regulation strategies significantly shape psychological and social outcomes.