Returning human factors to an engineering discipline: expanding the science base through a new generation of...

Newell and Card (1985) warned the human factors community that the way to deal with scientists, engineers, and designers was not through the use of platitudes or by advocating the empirical testing of an infinity of design alternatives but, rather, through the use of predictive and reliable quantitative techniques. As the scope and scale of the issues that the human factors community was asked to consider expanded, the tool chest of quantitative methods seemed to diminish. That situation appears to be changing. As the papers in this special section show, the science base and techniques available for applying that science through use of quantitative formalisms have progressed. The pendulum is swinging back, and human factors engineers are in the ascendance. Engineering quantitative formal models of human performance is the wave of the present and represents an important part of the future of our profession.