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Related Concept Videos

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy01:37

Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread function (PSF). PSF is the light intensity distribution from a point that causes it to appear blurred. Due to PSF, each fluorescing point appears bigger than its actual size, and it is the PSF interference of nearby fluorophores that causes the blurred image. Various approaches to achieving higher resolution through SRFM have recently been developed.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
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Recent developments in compact ultrafast lasers.

Ursula Keller1

  • 1Physics Department, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland. keller@phys.ethz.ch

Nature
|August 15, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Compact ultrafast lasers now offer picosecond and femtosecond pulses, enabling new applications. Advances in semiconductor technology have improved laser performance for high intensity and fast repetition rates.

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Laser Technology

Background:

  • Ultrafast lasers generate optical pulses in the picosecond and femtosecond range.
  • Historically, these lasers were complex laboratory instruments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the advancements in ultrafast laser technology.
  • To discuss the impact of semiconductor lasers and saturable absorbers on laser performance.

Main Methods:

  • Development of semiconductor lasers for optical pumping.
  • Implementation of fast optical saturable absorbers (semiconductor devices or nonlinear Kerr effect).

Main Results:

  • Ultrafast lasers have become compact and reliable.
  • Achieved extremely short temporal resolution (<10 fs).

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  • Reached extremely high peak optical intensities (>10 TW/cm2) and pulse repetition rates (>100 GHz).

    • Conclusions:

    • Semiconductor technology has significantly improved ultrafast lasers.
    • These improved lasers open new application frontiers requiring high precision and intensity.