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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Lab-On-A-Chip Platform for Stimulating Osteocyte Mechanotransduction and Analyzing Functional Outcomes of Bone Remodeling
08:28

A Lab-On-A-Chip Platform for Stimulating Osteocyte Mechanotransduction and Analyzing Functional Outcomes of Bone Remodeling

Published on: May 21, 2020

Cyclic pressure affects osteoblast functions pertinent to osteogenesis.

Jiro Nagatomi1, Bernard P Arulanandam, Dennis W Metzger

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|August 16, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Cyclic pressure enhances osteoblast function, boosting type-I collagen and calcium accumulation crucial for new bone formation. This study reveals mechanical stimuli

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Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

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Published on: May 21, 2020

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A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
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Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Osteogenesis, or new bone formation, is a complex process influenced by various cellular and molecular factors.
  • Mechanical stimuli are known to play a critical role in bone remodeling and adaptation.
  • Understanding the direct effects of mechanical forces on osteoblasts is key to developing strategies for bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms linking mechanical stimuli to new bone formation.
  • To examine the impact of cyclic pressure on osteoblast functions relevant to osteogenesis in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a custom-made laboratory setup to apply controlled cyclic pressure to osteoblast cultures.
  • Exposed osteoblasts to cyclic pressure (10-40 kPa at 1.0 Hz) for 1 hour daily for up to 19 days.
  • Assessed mRNA expression of type-I collagen, collagen deposition, calcium accumulation, and total DNA content.

Main Results:

  • Cyclic pressure significantly enhanced mRNA expression for type-I collagen, a key organic component of bone.
  • Both collagen deposition and calcium accumulation, a major inorganic component, increased significantly in response to cyclic pressure.
  • Increased osteoblast function, not cell proliferation, was identified as the driver for enhanced collagen and calcium levels.

Conclusions:

  • Daily exposure to cyclic pressure positively affects osteoblast functions essential for bone formation.
  • Mechanical stimuli, specifically cyclic pressure, can modulate key molecular pathways involved in osteogenesis.
  • Findings suggest potential therapeutic applications of mechanical stimulation in bone repair and regeneration.