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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
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Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
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Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells
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Published on: May 4, 2018

Platelets are mitogenic for periosteum-derived cells.

Reinhard Gruber1, Florian Karreth, Florian Frommlet

  • 1Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Oral Implantology, Vienna, Austria. reinhard.gruber@akh-wien.ac.at

Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society
|August 16, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelets accumulating in bone injury sites significantly boost periosteal cell proliferation, a key step in bone regeneration. This effect is mediated by growth factors like PDGF and bFGF released from platelets.

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Published on: July 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bone regeneration involves high mitogenic activity in periosteal cells during early healing stages.
  • The role of platelets in the developing hematoma during bone repair requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if platelets accumulating in the hematoma contribute to the mitogenic response of periosteal cells.
  • To identify the specific platelet components responsible for stimulating periosteal cell proliferation.

Main Methods:

  • Bovine periosteum-derived cells were treated with various platelet components (supernatants, membranes, microparticles).
  • 3H-thymidine incorporation was measured to assess mitogenic activity.
  • Gel chromatography and antibody neutralization (anti-PDGF, anti-bFGF) were used to identify active factors.
  • Ki67 expression and explant cultures assessed cell proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Platelets, their supernatants, membranes, and microparticles increased 3H-thymidine incorporation in periosteal cells.
  • Platelet-released supernatants retained mitogenic activity after heat treatment (56°C) but not (100°C).
  • Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were identified as key mitogenic factors, with activity reduced by specific antibodies.
  • Platelet supernatants increased Ki67 expression and stimulated proliferation in periosteal explants.

Conclusions:

  • Platelets present in the hematoma can significantly stimulate periosteal cell proliferation.
  • Growth factors like PDGF and bFGF released by platelets play a crucial role in initiating the mitogenic response during bone repair.