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Related Experiment Videos

Growth during the cell cycle.

J M Mitchison1

  • 1Institute for Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.

International Review of Cytology
|August 19, 2003
PubMed
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Cell growth parameters like volume and mass typically double each cycle. While exponential growth is common, linear growth with a rate change point (RCP) is observed in some organisms, suggesting gene dosage effects.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cell cycle progression involves fundamental growth processes, including doubling of bulk parameters like volume, dry mass, total protein, and RNA.
  • Previous research established cell cycle growth patterns, but metabolic patterns remain less understood.
  • Two primary growth models exist: continuous exponential increase and linear increase with a rate change point (RCP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the patterns of cell cycle growth, focusing on bulk parameters and metabolism.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms, distinguishing between exponential growth (ribosome synthesis) and linear growth (gene dosage effects).
  • To examine the role of cell size control in coordinating growth with cell cycle events.

Main Methods:

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  • Analysis of bulk cell parameters (volume, dry mass, total protein, RNA) during the cell cycle.
  • Comparison of growth patterns (exponential vs. linear) across different organisms (budding yeast, fission yeast, mammalian cells, E. coli).
  • Investigation of oxygen consumption and protein synthesis patterns in relation to cell cycle progression.

Main Results:

  • Fission yeast and some budding yeast exhibit linear growth patterns with an RCP, particularly during the S phase, suggesting gene dosage effects.
  • Mammalian cells and E. coli show evidence of exponential growth, while O2 consumption in fission yeast deviates from linear patterns.
  • Cell size control is a critical homeostatic mechanism, triggering cell cycle events like S phase and mitosis upon reaching a critical size.

Conclusions:

  • Cell cycle growth patterns vary across organisms, with linear growth and RCPs being significant in some species, supporting gene dosage models.
  • The molecular mechanisms of cell size measurement and its link to cell cycle initiation remain a significant challenge in cell biology.
  • Understanding these growth dynamics is crucial for comprehending cell cycle regulation and homeostasis.