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Updated: Aug 12, 2026

The Muscle Cuff Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface for the Amplification of Intact Peripheral Nerve Signals
Published on: January 13, 2022
Re-innervation of M. biceps by end-to-side nerve suture
Ulrich Mennen1, M J van der Westhuizen, I M Eggers
1Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Medical University of Southern Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. umennen@icon.co.za
Abstract:
End-to-side nerve suture (ETSNS) is a viable option to re-innervate a paralysed biceps muscle. The host or donor nerve could be any of the adjacent large nerves including the brachial plexus. It is important to adhere to certain principles when performing ETSNS, e.g. epineural window only, suture line without tension, the recipient nerve should not "kink" in any way and complete immobilisation for at least three weeks. The earlier this ETSNS is done after injury the better the outcome. Patient co-operation and motivation is of the utmost importance. The post-operative rehabilitation programme is essential to "awaken" and strengthen the dormant muscle. Our results are based on five patients. Good elbow flexion, i.e. biceps contraction can be regained after ETSNS of, for example, the musculo-cutaneous nerve into an appropriate viable host nerve.
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