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Related Experiment Videos

[Pulmonary cryptococcosis in AIDS].

A Martos1, J Mascaró, M Santín

  • 1Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital de Bellvitge-Prínceps d'Espanya, Barcelona.

Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica
|December 1, 1992
PubMed
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Disseminated cryptococcosis (fungal infection) can affect the lungs in AIDS patients, presenting with various symptoms and imaging findings. Early diagnosis via bronchoalveolar lavage and treatment with amphotericin B are crucial for good outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology
  • Immunocompromised Hosts

Background:

  • Disseminated cryptococcosis is a serious opportunistic infection in individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
  • Pulmonary involvement is a common manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis in AIDS patients.
  • Differential diagnosis of lung infiltrates in AIDS patients requires consideration of various pathogens.

Observation:

  • Three AIDS patients with disseminated cryptococcal infection and lung involvement were studied.
  • Clinical presentations included respiratory symptoms or radiologic findings of pulmonary disease.
  • Chest X-rays revealed interstitial patterns (2 cases) and pulmonary cavitation (1 case).
  • One patient had a co-infection with Pneumocystis carinii.

Findings:

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  • Diagnosis was confirmed by culture from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in all cases.
  • Non-induced sputum examination also aided diagnosis in two patients.
  • All patients responded well to treatment with amphotericin B.
  • Maintenance therapy with fluconazole prevented relapses.

Implications:

  • Cryptococcosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of AIDS patients presenting with diffuse interstitial lung infiltrates.
  • The presence of Cryptococcus neoformans in respiratory samples does not exclude other opportunistic infections.
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage is recommended for comprehensive diagnosis in these complex cases.