Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although vasectomy...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Linezolid resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy·2006
Same author

Batten disease: features to facilitate early diagnosis.

The British journal of ophthalmology·2006
Same author

Identifying breast cancer patients at risk for Central Nervous System (CNS) metastases in trials of the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG).

Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology·2006
Same author

The seasonal fertility of North American bison (Bison bison) bulls.

Animal reproduction science·2006
Same author

Genome scan of schizophrenia families in a large Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study sample: evidence for linkage to 18p11.32 and for racial heterogeneity on chromosomes 6 and 14.

American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics·2005
Same author

Are endogenous LH levels during ovarian stimulation for IVF using GnRH analogues associated with the probability of ongoing pregnancy? A systematic review.

Human reproduction update·2005

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration

Published on: June 7, 2012

Hormonal contraception without estrogens.

J Collins1, P G Crosignani,

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Milan, Italy.

Human Reproduction Update
|August 21, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Progestogen-only contraception offers a viable alternative to combined pills, with various delivery methods available. While generally effective, unpredictable bleeding is a common side effect, though patient education can improve continuation rates.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Environmental Toxicology

Background:

  • Debate exists regarding the long-term clinical effects and environmental safety of ethinyl estradiol in combined contraceptive pills.
  • Progestogen-only contraception presents a desirable alternative, with several non-alkylated compounds available for diverse administration routes.

Framework:

  • Progestogen-only methods demonstrate high effectiveness, with less than one pregnancy per 100 woman-years for oral, injectable, implantable, and intrauterine options.
  • The oral progestogen-only method shows perfect and typical effectiveness rates of three to five pregnancies per 100 woman-years.

Implementation:

  • Unpredictable vaginal bleeding is the primary side effect across progestogen-only methods, particularly in the initial months, potentially leading to discontinuation.
  • Informed patient counseling regarding potential bleeding can significantly enhance continuation rates for progestogen-only contraceptives.

More Related Videos

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 27, 2026

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration

Published on: June 7, 2012

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

Implications:

  • Progestogen-only contraception offers a safer alternative regarding cardiovascular and cancer risks, as no such side effects have been proven.
  • Further research into optimizing progestogen-only delivery systems and managing side effects can improve contraceptive options and patient adherence.