Drops in estrogen levels affect brain, body and behavior: reported relationship between attitudes and menopausal symptoms
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 20, 2026

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats
Published on: February 23, 2015
1Department of Psychology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614-0505, USA. cathy.desoto@uni.edu
Abstract:
Bloch found that women who had more menopausal symptoms had a more negative view of menopause than women who had fewer symptoms. Bloch's conclusion that a negative view of menopause will lead to more symptoms implies a cause and effect assumption that is not warranted and is also counter-intuitive. Current research on the neural effects of estrogen suggest that the observed relationship is more likely to be due to the fact that some women experience negative symptoms during menopause as a result of diminished levels of estrogen. This, in turn leads these same women to adopt a more negative view of menopause, at least compared with women who have relatively less severe symptoms.
Related Concept Videos
Menopause
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Major Hormones and Their Functions
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
Oogenesis
