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Ortho-substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (95 or 101) decrease pituitary response to thyrotropin

Moazzam A Khan1, Larry G Hansen

  • 1Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S. Lincoln Ave., Urbana, IL 61802, USA.

Toxicology Letters
|August 21, 2003
PubMed
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) disrupt the thyroid axis. Acute exposure to specific PCBs in rats reduced thyroxine levels and impaired pituitary and thyroid responses to TRH stimulation.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants known to disrupt endocrine systems in humans and wildlife.
  • Previous research indicated that specific ortho-PCB congeners may affect the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT)-axis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of acute exposure to PCB congeners 95 and 101 on the HPT-axis functionality in developing rats.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which these PCBs interfere with thyroid hormone regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Weanling female rats were administered PCBs 95 or 101 intraperitoneally at 32 mg/kg for two consecutive days.
  • The HPT-axis function was assessed using a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test 48 hours after the final PCB dose.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Serum levels of thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin (PRL) were measured, along with hypothalamic dopamine (DA) and thyroid gland morphology.

    • Main Results:

    • Exposure to both PCB 95 and PCB 101 led to decreased serum thyroxine (T4) levels.
    • PCB 95 exposure resulted in an elevated, yet subnormal, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to TRH stimulation (40% of control).
    • No significant alterations were observed in serum prolactin, hypothalamic dopamine, thyroid morphology, or epithelial cell proliferation.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute exposure to ortho-PCB congeners 95 and 101 interferes with the HPT-axis in developing rats.
    • These PCBs appear to induce a diminished pituitary and thyroid response to TRH stimulation, contributing to thyroid hormone disruption.
    • The findings suggest a specific mechanism of endocrine disruption by these PCB congeners, impacting thyroid regulation.