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[Cytogenetic abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

M Lafage-Pochitaloff1, C Charrin

  • 1Département de biopathologie, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, 232, boulevard Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, Inserm U119 et Université de la Méditerranée, France. lafagem@marseille.fnclcc.fr

Pathologie-Biologie
|August 21, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) involve abnormal lymphoid stem cell growth. Chromosomal abnormalities in ALL are common and crucial for diagnosis and treatment planning.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Context:

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) are cancers of lymphoid progenitor cells.
  • Chromosomal abnormalities are frequent in ALL, impacting prognosis.
  • Accurate diagnosis and risk stratification are essential for effective treatment.

Purpose:

  • To review numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities in ALL.
  • To discuss the frequency, diagnostic, and prognostic value of these abnormalities.
  • To highlight the genes involved in structural chromosomal abnormalities.

Summary:

  • ALL involves malignant lymphoid stem cell proliferation, with B and T-cell subtypes.
  • Clonal chromosomal abnormalities occur in 80% of pediatric and 70% of adult ALL cases.

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  • Karyotyping at diagnosis is mandatory, complemented by molecular techniques like FISH and RT-PCR for cryptic abnormalities.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding chromosomal abnormalities improves ALL diagnosis and patient stratification.
    • This knowledge guides therapeutic decisions, potentially altering treatment approaches.
    • Identifying specific gene alterations aids in targeted therapy development for ALL.