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Genetic structure and differentiation in cultivated grape, Vitis vinifera L
Mallikarjuna K Aradhya1, Gerald S Dangl, Bernard H Prins
1National Clonal Germplasm Repository, US Department of Agriculture, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Genetical Research
|August 22, 2003
Summary
Genetic analysis of grape accessions reveals 16 distinct groups, supporting traditional classifications. French cultivars show close ties to wild grapes, highlighting domestication history and artificial selection in shaping grape genetic diversity.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Plant Breeding
- Agricultural Science
Background:
- Grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivation involves diverse genetic resources.
- Understanding genetic diversity is crucial for grape breeding and conservation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze genetic diversity and differentiation in cultivated and wild grape accessions.
- To investigate the genetic structure and relationships among different grape groups.
Main Methods:
- Microsatellite analysis of 222 cultivated and 22 wild grape accessions.
- Multivariate analysis to reveal genetic relationships and population structure.
- Contingency chi2 analysis for allele frequency heterogeneity.
Main Results:
- Detected 94 alleles across eight microsatellite loci, indicating extensive polymorphism.
- Identified 16 genetic groups structured into three clusters (occidentalis, pontica, orientalis).
- French cultivars showed affinity to wild Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris, suggesting domestication origins.
Conclusions:
- Cultivated grape germplasm forms a complex gene pool shaped by artificial selection and vegetative reproduction.
- Hierarchical genetic differentiation exists within cultivated grapes, with significant variation within groups.
- Appreciable differentiation observed between table and wine grape cultivars, with Muscat types being distinct.