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Related Experiment Videos

Translational selection and yeast proteome evolution.

Hiroshi Akashi1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics and Department of Biology, 208 Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. akashi@psu.edu

Genetics
|August 22, 2003
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Natural selection optimizes protein synthesis speed and accuracy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by adapting amino acid composition and tRNA abundance. This adaptation favors shorter proteins at higher expression levels for enhanced efficiency.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Protein primary structure is crucial for both function and efficient synthesis.
  • Understanding the evolutionary pressures on amino acid composition is key to deciphering translational efficiency.
  • The Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system offers a robust platform for studying genome-wide adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if amino acid composition of peptides is shaped by natural selection for optimal translation speed and accuracy.
  • To correlate genomic data, gene expression, and tRNA availability with amino acid usage patterns.
  • To determine if translational efficiency influences protein length and amino acid composition across different functional classes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome sequence, DNA microarray expression data, and tRNA gene numbers.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Statistical correlation between synonymous codon usage bias and transcript abundance to predict translation rates.
  • Examination of relationships between amino acid usage, tRNA concentrations, and protein expression levels.
  • Comparative analysis of proteins within specific functional categories to control for functional requirements.

    • Main Results:

    • Synonymous codon usage bias strongly correlates with transcript abundance, validating DNA microarray data as translation rate predictors.
    • Significant relationships exist between amino acid usage and protein expression levels.
    • Higher correlations between tRNA concentrations and amino acid abundances in highly expressed proteins suggest co-adaptation for efficient synthesis.
    • Natural selection favors shorter proteins at higher expression levels to enhance translational efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Amino acid composition and tRNA abundance are adapted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to optimize translation speed and accuracy.
    • Expression levels are a significant factor driving the adaptation of amino acid usage and protein length.
    • These findings highlight the role of natural selection in shaping proteomic composition for efficient cellular function.