Tetrameric short tandem repeat (STR) system D15S233 (wg1d1): sequencing and frequency data in the japanese and...

We evaluated the forensic usefulness of D15S233 (wg1d1), a tetrameric short tandem repeat (STR) locus, in the Japanese and Chinese populations. Typing was performed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. Nine different alleles were found in 472 Japanese chromosomes and seven in 186 Chinese chromosomes. 102 alleles sequenced were composed of two kinds of repeats (AGGA and GGGA). All alleles differed in size by one tetranucleotide repeat unit, and no insertion or deletion was found. The expected unbiased heterozygosities in Japanese and Chinese were 0.766 and 0.785, respectively. No significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were found in either population. We retyped all samples using an alternative pair of flanking primers in order to detect any spurious appearances of homozygotes due to sequence variation at the primer annealing site. One heterozygous sample had unbalanced density bands when the original primer set was used, but equal density bands when our newly designed primer set was used. Sequencing analysis revealed that the sparser allele had one nucleotide substitution near the 5' end of the annealing site of the original primer region. Thus, all apparently homo/heterozygous samples were thought to be truly homo/heterozygous. We also applied the D15S233 locus to paternity testing and forensic identification. Our results suggest that this locus should be a very useful STR locus for forensic practice in Japanese and Chinese.