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Nut consumption and body weight.

Joan Sabaté1

  • 1Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. jsabate@sph.llu.edu

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|August 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Frequent nut consumption may lower coronary artery disease (CAD) risk and improve lipid profiles. Despite being fatty, nuts do not appear to cause weight gain and may even aid weight management, according to current evidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Frequent nut consumption is linked to reduced coronary artery disease (CAD) rates.
  • Nut-rich diets have demonstrated improvements in serum lipid profiles in intervention studies.
  • Concerns exist regarding potential weight gain from high-fat nuts, a risk factor for CAD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether hypercholesterolemic patients advised to consume nuts experience weight gain.
  • To assess the public health implications of recommending increased nut consumption for CAD prevention.
  • To evaluate the effect of nut consumption on body weight and energy balance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiologic studies showing an inverse association between nut consumption frequency and body mass index (BMI).
  • Analysis of controlled nut-feeding trials where no significant body weight changes were observed.
  • Examination of studies on free-living subjects with self-selected diets, including some showing a tendency towards lower weight with nut consumption.
  • Consideration of preliminary data suggesting increased fecal fat excretion in individuals on nut-rich diets.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiologic data suggest an inverse relationship between nut intake frequency and BMI.
  • Controlled feeding trials did not show significant changes in body weight.
  • Studies on free-living individuals indicated no significant weight gain, with some suggesting a slight decrease.
  • Preliminary findings point to increased fat excretion, potentially impacting energy balance.

Conclusions:

  • Available evidence does not support the notion that frequent nut consumption leads to weight gain in free-living individuals.
  • Current data suggest that recommending nuts for CAD prevention is unlikely to negatively impact body weight.
  • Further research is warranted to fully elucidate the effects of nut consumption on energy balance and body weight management.

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