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Scapular-Positioning Patterns During Humeral Elevation in Unimpaired Shoulders
Paul A. Borsa1, Mark K. Timmons, Eric L. Sauers
1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Journal of Athletic Training
|August 26, 2003
Summary
Scapular upward rotation initially decreases then increases with arm elevation. Performing overhead exercises in the scapular plane enhances upward scapular rotation, which is beneficial for rotator cuff tendinopathy.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
Background:
- Scapular positioning is crucial for shoulder function.
- Understanding scapular kinematics during arm elevation is essential for diagnosing and treating shoulder pathologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate scapular positioning patterns during arm elevation using a static measurement technique.
- To compare scapular upward rotation in the scapular and sagittal planes.
Main Methods:
- A 4-within-factor design was employed with 27 healthy subjects.
- Scapular position and glenohumeral range of motion were measured bilaterally using a digital inclinometer and goniometer.
- Measurements were taken at various humeral rotation levels (rest to 120 degrees).
Main Results:
- Scapular upward rotation initially showed downward rotation from rest to 30 degrees of humeral elevation.
- After 30 degrees, upward rotation increased to 120 degrees of humeral elevation.
- Significantly greater scapular upward rotation was observed in the scapular plane compared to the sagittal plane at 120 degrees.
Conclusions:
- The scapula exhibits a distinct rotation pattern during arm elevation.
- The scapular plane facilitates greater upward rotation than the sagittal plane.
- Overhead rehabilitation exercises should prioritize the scapular plane, particularly for individuals with rotator cuff tendinopathy.