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Related Experiment Videos

Cold Modalities With Different Thermodynamic Properties Produce Different Surface and Intramuscular Temperatures.

Mark A. Merrick1, Lisa S. Jutte, Michael E. Smith

  • 1The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

Journal of Athletic Training
|August 26, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Phase change cryotherapy (ice bag, Wet-Ice) significantly lowers skin and 1-cm intramuscular temperatures compared to non-phase change methods (Flex-i-Cold). Differences diminish at 2-cm depth, suggesting longer treatment times may be needed for deeper cooling.

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Therapeutic Magnets Do Not Affect Tissue Temperatures.

Journal of athletic trainingยท2003
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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Therapeutic Modalities
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cryotherapy is widely used for therapeutic cooling.
  • Different cryotherapy modalities vary in their cooling mechanisms and effectiveness.
  • Understanding deep tissue cooling is crucial for optimizing treatment protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the surface and deep cooling effects of three common cryotherapy modalities.
  • To evaluate the impact of phase change properties on cryotherapy effectiveness.
  • To determine cooling differences at various depths (skin surface, 1-cm, and 2-cm subadipose).

Main Methods:

  • A 3x4x4 factorial design with repeated measures was employed.
  • Treatments included ice bag, Wet-Ice, Flex-i-Cold, and a control.

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  • Thigh temperatures at surface, 1-cm, and 2-cm depths were measured using thermocouples during 30-minute treatments.

    • Main Results:

    • All cold treatments were colder than the control at all depths.
    • Superficial depths reached lower temperatures than deeper depths.
    • Ice bag and Wet-Ice treatments resulted in lower skin and 1-cm subadipose temperatures than Flex-i-Cold.

    Conclusions:

    • Cryotherapy modalities undergoing phase change (ice bag, Wet-Ice) achieve greater superficial and 1-cm intramuscular cooling than those without.
    • Cooling differences between modalities were not significant at 2-cm subadipose depth.
    • Longer treatment durations may be necessary to observe deeper cooling effects with phase change modalities.