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Related Experiment Videos

Using the placebo response in clinical practice.

Michael E Hyland1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Plymouth. mhyland@plymouth.ac.uk

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|August 27, 2003
PubMed
Summary
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This review explores how psychological factors like expectancy and conditioning influence placebo effects, leading to symptom relief but not necessarily curing underlying conditions. The therapeutic context significantly impacts the placebo response, making it a variable aid in clinical practice.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medicine

Background:

  • Placebo responses are common in clinical settings.
  • Understanding the mechanisms behind placebo effects is crucial for optimizing patient care.
  • The impact of psychological factors on symptom reduction requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the psychological mechanisms driving placebo responses.
  • To examine the physiological basis for symptom reduction via placebos.
  • To differentiate between mechanisms that only reduce symptoms and those that may affect pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of psychological mechanisms (expectancy, conditioning, therapeutic relationship, empowerment).
  • Analysis of physiological correlates of placebo-induced symptom reduction.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of contextual factors influencing placebo response characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • Expectancy and conditioning primarily reduce subjective symptoms, not underlying pathology.
    • Therapeutic relationship and empowerment may influence pathology.
    • Placebo response characteristics (nature, size, duration) are context-dependent.
    • Placebo effects act as an adjunctive response to active treatments.

    Conclusions:

    • Psychological mechanisms play a key role in placebo responses.
    • Contextual factors significantly modulate placebo effects.
    • Placebo responses are valuable but unpredictable in clinical practice.