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Related Experiment Videos

Pilot-scale evaluation of select nitrate removal technologies.

A Darbi1, T Viraraghavan, R Butler

  • 1Faculty of Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering
|August 28, 2003
PubMed
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Nitrate contamination in groundwater, a public health concern, was addressed using biological denitrification, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis. All three methods effectively reduced nitrate levels, with reverse osmosis showing particular promise for safe drinking water.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Quality Management
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Extensive use of nitrogen fertilizers and manure leads to increased nitrate concentrations in groundwater.
  • Groundwater nitrate contamination poses public health risks, including methemoglobinemia, with a US drinking water standard of 10 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen.
  • Saskatchewan's population relies heavily on groundwater, with a significant portion of rural residents using private wells in agricultural areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the field feasibility of biological denitrification, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis for removing nitrate from groundwater.
  • To assess the effectiveness of the sulfur/limestone autotrophic denitrification (SLAD) process under anaerobic conditions.
  • To investigate the performance of a specific anion exchange resin and reverse osmosis system for nitrate removal.

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Main Methods:

  • Field studies were conducted on three nitrate removal technologies: biological denitrification (SLAD), ion exchange, and reverse osmosis (RO).
  • The SLAD process was evaluated for biological nitrate removal under anaerobic conditions.
  • Ion exchange using Ionac A554 and reverse osmosis with Filmtec membrane elements were tested for nitrate reduction.

Main Results:

  • The sulfur/limestone autotrophic denitrification (SLAD) process demonstrated feasibility for biological nitrate removal.
  • Ionac A554 showed high nitrate removal efficiency in groundwater with low sulfate concentrations, though regenerant brine disposal is a challenge.
  • The reverse osmosis unit consistently achieved effluent nitrate concentrations below the maximum allowable limit.

Conclusions:

  • Biological denitrification, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis are viable methods for mitigating groundwater nitrate contamination.
  • Reverse osmosis is an effective technology for ensuring drinking water meets nitrate standards.
  • Further consideration of waste management, such as brine disposal from ion exchange, is necessary for sustainable implementation.