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Metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Robert C Flanigan1, Steven C Campbell, Joseph I Clark

  • 1Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center and Hines VA Hospital, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. rflanig@lumc.edu

Current Treatment Options in Oncology
|August 28, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) affects about a third of patients, often spreading to multiple organs. Current treatments have limited efficacy, but new therapies offer some hope for managing advanced kidney cancer.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nephrology
  • Cancer Metastasis

Background:

  • Renal cell cancer (RCC) frequently metastasizes, impacting approximately 33% of patients.
  • Metastatic RCC presents significant clinical management challenges due to limited therapeutic efficacy.
  • Common sites of metastasis include the lung, liver, bone, and brain, but RCC can spread virtually anywhere.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical management and prognosis of metastatic renal cell cancer.
  • To highlight the challenges posed by the limited efficacy of current therapies for metastatic RCC.
  • To discuss recent advances and their implications for patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on renal cell cancer metastasis.
  • Analysis of clinical management strategies for metastatic RCC.

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  • Evaluation of prognostic factors and survival rates.

    • Main Results:

    • Metastatic spread occurs in about one-third of RCC patients, often involving multiple organs.
    • A shorter interval between nephrectomy and metastasis development correlates with a poorer prognosis.
    • Median survival for metastatic RCC is poor (6-12 months), with a 2-year survival rate of 10-20%.

    Conclusions:

    • Metastatic renal cell cancer remains a significant clinical challenge with a poor prognosis.
    • Recent advances in biologic response modifier therapy offer limited but important hope.
    • Cytoreductive nephrectomy is being reconsidered as part of the management of metastatic RCC.