Ebony (Phitecellobium flexicaule Benth) and proteins fractionation, solubilization, characterization and production...

Different combinations of pHs (2 to 12) and temperatures (25, 30 and 35 degrees C) were tested to obtain a protein isolate from ebony (Pithecellobium flexicaule, Benth) seeds. Seed proteins contained 54.6% albumins, 32% globulins, 5.7% glutelins and 1.3% prolamins. The isoelectric points for albumins, globulins and glutelins were in the pH range of 2.3-2.7. The average molecular weight of albumins ranged from 92 to 100 kDa and for the four globulin subunits in the range of 28.4 to 57.3 kDa. For isolate production, proteins were sequentially extracted with distilled water and a 5% NaCl solution. The resulting supernatants were mixed. The best extraction was achieved at pH 11 and 25 degrees C. 45.6% of the total seed protein was precipitated at pH 2.6 yielding an isolate with 90% protein (N x 6.25). The isolate contained high quantities of lysine, leucine, threonine and phenylalanine but were low in sulfur containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. The extraction process reduced tannins, phytates and trypsin inhibitor in 53, 70 and 70%, respectively. In vivo protein digestibility of the protein isolate was 85.4% and the corrected digestibility essential amino acid score was of 44% due to the lack of sulfur containing amino acids. In order to upgrade the protein quality of ebony isolate it is recommend to supplement with methionine or sulfur containing rich foods.