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Case-control study of congenital malformations
J Ananijevic-Pandey1, M Jarebinski, B Kastratovic
1Institute of Social Medicine, Statistics and Health Research Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
European Journal of Epidemiology
|November 1, 1992
Summary
Maternal infections during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, significantly increase the risk of congenital malformations in infants. Family history of birth defects also plays a role in infant malformations.
Area of Science:
- Teratology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Congenital malformations represent a significant global health concern.
- Identifying environmental and maternal factors contributing to birth defects is crucial for prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate potential teratogenic influences associated with congenital malformations in Belgrade.
- To compare risk factors between mothers of infants with severe malformations and mothers of healthy infants.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted with 113 mothers of malformed infants and 195 control mothers.
- Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering family history, maternal diseases, and lifestyle factors.
- Statistical analysis identified significant differences between the case and control groups.
Main Results:
- Maternal family history of congenital malformations was significantly higher in the case group (P < 0.05).
- Maternal diseases during pregnancy were significantly more prevalent in mothers of malformed infants (P < 0.01).
- First-trimester infections showed a strong association with infant malformations (Odds Ratio = 7.70; P < 0.01).
Conclusions:
- Maternal infections during early pregnancy are a significant risk factor for congenital malformations.
- Family history and maternal illness during pregnancy are important considerations in assessing teratogenic risks.
- Further research is warranted to elucidate specific infectious agents and their teratogenic mechanisms.