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Reduced cortical folding in schizophrenia: an MRI morphometric study.

Paulo C Sallet¹, Helio Elkis, Tânia M Alves

¹Faculty of Medicine, University of Sāo Paulo, Rua Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos s/n, 05403-010 Sāo Paulo SP, Brazil. pcsallet@usp.br

The American Journal of Psychiatry

|August 29, 2003

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Schizophrenia patients exhibit reduced cortical folding, indicating altered brain wiring. These abnormalities differ between subtypes, supporting the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Brain Imaging

Background:

Regional brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia are often nonspecific.
Supraregional models focusing on neuronal circuitry are gaining attention.
Cortical folding serves as an index of neuronal wiring.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate cortical folding in different schizophrenia subtypes.
To assess neuronal wiring abnormalities in schizophrenia.
To explore patterns of cerebral lateralization in schizophrenia subtypes.

Main Methods:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure the gyrification index.
Cortical folding was analyzed in 40 schizophrenia patients and 20 healthy controls.
Psychopathology was assessed using standardized rating scales.

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Main Results:

Schizophrenia patients showed significantly reduced bilateral cortical folding compared to controls.
Reductions were more pronounced in the disorganized subtype and correlated with symptom severity.
The paranoid subtype exhibited reduced cortical folding predominantly in the left hemisphere.

Conclusions:

Reduced cortical folding is confirmed in schizophrenia patients.
Distinct patterns of abnormality suggest differences in cerebral lateralization between subtypes.
Findings align with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia.