Splenosis mimicking local recurrence after laparoscopic radical nephrectomy

Area of Science:

• Surgical pathology
• Abdominal imaging
• Laparoscopic surgery

Background:

• Retroperitoneal splenosis is a rare condition involving ectopic splenic tissue in the retroperitoneum.
• It can be mistaken for neoplastic recurrence, particularly after abdominal surgery.
• Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is a common procedure where splenic injury or seeding can occur.

Observation:

• A case is presented where retroperitoneal splenosis mimicked local recurrence post-laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.
• The patient underwent a nephrectomy, and subsequent imaging revealed a retroperitoneal mass.
• Histopathological examination confirmed splenosis.

Findings:

• Splenic tissue implantation in the retroperitoneum can occur due to iatrogenic or traumatic splenic injury.
• The ectopic splenic tissue can undergo hyperplasia and present as a mass.
• Distinguishing splenosis from malignancy is crucial for appropriate patient management.

Implications:

• Awareness of splenosis is vital for radiologists and surgeons interpreting imaging after splenectomy or splenic trauma.
• Laparoscopic techniques require meticulous attention to prevent splenic tissue dissemination.
• This case highlights the importance of considering benign mimics in post-operative imaging.