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Related Experiment Videos

Ventricular gradient and nondipolar repolarization components increase at higher heart rate.

Peter Smetana1, Velislav N Batchvarov, Katerina Hnatkova

  • 1Department of Cardiological Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|August 30, 2003
PubMed
Summary

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This study found that both global and regional repolarization heterogeneity increase with faster heart rates, with women exhibiting more pronounced differences than men. These findings highlight sex-based variations in cardiac repolarization patterns across different heart rates.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Action potential duration is influenced by ion channel properties, affecting heart rate dependence.
  • Transmural dispersion of repolarization increases with cycle length.
  • Existing electrocardiographic indexes for repolarization abnormalities lack studies on heart rate dependence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heart rate relationship of two repolarization descriptors: total cosine of the QRS-T angle (TCRT) and relative T wave residuum (TWR).
  • To assess global and regional repolarization heterogeneity in relation to heart rate.
  • To identify potential sex differences in repolarization patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 24-hour Holter recordings from 60 healthy subjects (27 males).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Calculated TCRT and TWR from 12-lead ECGs obtained every 30 seconds.
  • Averaged repolarization descriptors over RR interval bins from 550 to 1,150 ms.

    • Main Results:

    • Women consistently showed higher TCRT and TWR values than men across all heart rates.
    • TCRT exhibited marked rate dependence in both sexes, increasing with longer RR intervals.
    • TWR showed more pronounced rate dependence in women, increasing with shorter RR intervals, suggesting increased heterogeneity at faster heart rates.

    Conclusions:

    • Both global (TCRT) and regional (TWR) repolarization heterogeneity increase at faster heart rates.
    • Women exhibit greater repolarization heterogeneity than men, particularly at faster heart rates.
    • Repolarization sequence in women more closely follows depolarization, but localized repolarization is more heterogeneous in men at fast heart rates.