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Micronutrient deficiencies in developing and affluent countries.

J R Díaz1, A de las Cagigas, R Rodríguez

  • 11Instituto de Nutrición e Higiene de los Alimentos, Havana, Cuba.

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|August 30, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Cuba combats hidden hunger through dietary diversification and food fortification. Programs like prenatal supplementation and urban agriculture have successfully reduced micronutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin A deficiency in children.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health Nutrition
  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • International Health

Background:

  • Micronutrient deficiencies, or 'hidden hunger', significantly impact global health and quality of life.
  • Iron, vitamin A, and iodine deficiencies pose major nutritional challenges, affecting billions worldwide.
  • Iron deficiency anemia impacts two billion, vitamin A deficiency causes blindness in 2.8 million children, and iodine deficiency affects 740 million people.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline Cuba's comprehensive strategies for addressing widespread micronutrient deficiencies.
  • To highlight the effectiveness of public health interventions in combating hidden hunger.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of dietary diversification programs, including urban agriculture to boost fruit and vegetable intake.

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  • Widespread food fortification initiatives across various food products.
  • Targeted supplementation programs, notably the prenatal program providing iron, ascorbic acid, vitamin A, and folic acid.

    • Main Results:

    • Over 90% of salt for human consumption is iodized, significantly reducing iodine deficiency disorders.
    • Vitamin A deficiency has been eradicated in children up to 7 years of age.
    • Interventions are delivered free of charge or at very low costs, ensuring accessibility.

    Conclusions:

    • Cuba's multi-faceted approach, combining dietary diversity, food fortification, and supplementation, effectively combats micronutrient deficiencies.
    • Public health initiatives demonstrate success in improving nutritional status and quality of life, particularly for vulnerable populations.