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Related Experiment Videos

Decrease in heart rates by artificial CO2 hot spring bathing is inhibited by beta1-adrenoceptor blockade in

Masaaki Hashimoto1, Noriyuki Yamamoto

  • 1Deparmet of Physiology, School of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, 078-8510, Asahikawa Japan. mhashi@asahikawa-med.ac.jp

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 2, 2003
PubMed
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) hot spring baths slow heart rate by inhibiting cardiac sympathetic nerves, suggesting a physiological basis for balneotherapy. This effect was observed in rats using a CO2-water maker.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Balneotherapy Research
  • Cardiovascular Studies

Background:

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) hot spring baths are popular for therapeutic purposes.
  • The physiological mechanisms underlying the benefits of CO2 bathing are not fully understood.
  • Previous observations suggest CO2 bathing may affect circulation and heart rate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) hot spring baths on Wistar rats.
  • To determine the impact of CO2-water immersion on cardiovascular parameters and skin blood flow.
  • To elucidate the neural mechanisms responsible for observed heart rate changes during CO2 bathing.

Main Methods:

  • Urethane-anesthetized male Wistar rats were subjected to head-out immersion in CO2-enriched water (approx. 1,000 ppm CO2) or tap water at 30°C and 35°C.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Continuous measurements included arterial blood pressure, heart rate (HR), skin tissue blood flow, and body/skin temperatures.
  • Vascular resistance was calculated, and the effects of beta-blockers (atenolol) and muscarinic blockers (atropine) on HR were assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • CO2-water immersion at 30°C significantly reduced immersed skin vascular resistance compared to tap water.
    • At 35°C, CO2-water immersion resulted in a significantly slower heart rate (bradycardia) compared to tap water.
    • The bradycardia induced by CO2-water was attenuated by atenolol, indicating involvement of cardiac sympathetic activity, but not by atropine.

    Conclusions:

    • CO2 hot spring bathing can induce bradycardia through the inhibition of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity.
    • The study provides physiological evidence supporting the therapeutic effects of balneotherapy using CO2-enriched water.
    • The developed CO2-water maker is a valuable tool for further research into the physiological effects of balneotherapy.