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International red meat trade.

Gary W Brester1, John M Marsh, Ronald L Plain

  • 1Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics, PO Box 172920, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-2920, USA. gbrester@montana.edu

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|September 4, 2003
PubMed
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US red meat industries, including beef and pork, face declining domestic demand but growing export opportunities, especially in developing nations. Product development, cost competitiveness, and navigating trade regulations like Country-of-Origin Labeling (COOL) are crucial for future success.

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Economics
  • International Trade
  • Consumer Behavior

Background:

  • Maturing US beef and pork markets face challenges from shifting consumer demands towards convenience, safety, and nutrition.
  • Declining real prices in beef and pork are driven by decreased domestic demand and advancements in production technologies.
  • The US lamb industry is experiencing a downturn characterized by falling prices, production, and demand, influenced by policy changes and import competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the current state and future prospects of the US beef, pork, and lamb industries within domestic and international markets.
  • To identify key factors influencing market dynamics, including consumer preferences, technological advancements, and trade policies.
  • To explore the impact of trade tensions and regulations, such as Country-of-Origin Labeling (COOL), on the red meat sector.

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Main Methods:

  • Analysis of market trends, including per capita consumption, price fluctuations, and export/import volumes for beef, pork, and lamb.
  • Examination of the influence of macroeconomic factors like income levels on consumer demand for branded versus commodity products.
  • Assessment of the implications of trade policies and regulations on domestic production, international competitiveness, and market access.

Main Results:

  • Foreign markets, particularly developing countries with rising incomes, present the most significant growth potential for commodity beef and pork.
  • Pork achieved a net export position in 1995, while the US is nearing a net export status for beef in terms of value.
  • Mandated COOL introduces domestic uncertainties and potential international trade friction, impacting both US exports and imports.

Conclusions:

  • The US red meat industry must prioritize product development, cost-efficiency, and quality to remain competitive globally.
  • Securing market access and effectively managing trade-related challenges are essential for sustaining export growth.
  • For the lamb industry, domestic market strategies focusing on product quality improvement and promotion are vital for economic recovery.