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Updated: Sep 20, 2026

A Rabbit Venous Interposition Model Mimicking Revascularization Surgery using Vein Grafts to Assess Intimal Hyperplasia under Arterial Blood Pressure
Published on: May 15, 2020
Peripheral vascular considerations
1Department of Podiatric Medicine and Basic Sciences, California College of Podiatric Medicine, 2100 Webster Street, Suite 202, San Francisco, CA 94115-2375, USA.
Abstract:
Arterial pathology of the lower extremity is common in the elderly. It has been the author's experience that most arterial pathology affecting the foot is caused by peripheral arterial occlusive disease, emboli, or infection. One of the most important factors determining whether healing will take place is the adequacy of the arterial blood supply. It is essential that health care providers be able to recognize whether the patient's blood flow is sufficient to maintain tissue nutrition or heal an ischemic ulcer, whether signs or symptoms presented by the patient are a result of an arterial system disorder, and, if arterial blood flow is compromised, whether the patient should be referred to a specialist.
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Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
