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Related Concept Videos

Imprinting01:22

Imprinting

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Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
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Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
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Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Determining the Role of Maternally-Expressed Genes in Early Development with Maternal Crispants
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Evidence for a priming effect on maternal resource allocation: implications for interbrood competition.

Marika Charalambous1, Andrew Ward, Laurence D Hurst

  • 1Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|September 4, 2003
PubMed
Summary

Female mice did not reallocate resources to subsequent broods, contrary to assumptions of interbrood competition. Investment in the first brood influenced investment in the second, suggesting a

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Behavioral ecology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Parent-offspring conflict theory often assumes interbrood competition via resource reallocation.
  • Females may save resources from early broods for later reproductive efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally test the hypothesis of interbrood competition mediated by maternal resource reallocation.
  • To investigate if reduced investment in a first brood leads to increased investment in a second brood.

Main Methods:

  • A manipulation experiment using female mice and controlled mating.
  • Comparing resource allocation in first and second broods between test and control groups.
  • Utilizing males heterozygous for an insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2) null allele in the test group for the first brood.

Main Results:

  • Test females invested 20% less in their first brood compared to controls.
  • Females that invested less in the first brood also invested less in the second brood.
  • This 'priming' effect was observed in both test and control groups.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal resource reallocation between broods may not occur as predicted by classical models.
  • The observed ' priming' effect indicates a different mechanism influencing reproductive investment.
  • While this study did not find evidence for interbrood competition via reallocation, it does not disprove its existence.