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Superior mesenteric artery syndrome: case report
1Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, Kenya.
East African Medical Journal
|September 5, 2003
Summary
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) occurs when the duodenum is compressed due to rapid weight loss. This case report details a bypass procedure to alleviate obstruction in a young patient.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Vascular Surgery
- Pediatric Medicine
Background:
- Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) is a rare condition characterized by duodenal compression between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and aorta.
- It is typically caused by a significant loss of visceral fat, leading to a narrowed aortomesenteric angle.
- This anatomical compromise obstructs the third part of the duodenum, resulting in upper gastrointestinal issues.
Observation:
- A 15-year-old female experienced acute-on-chronic upper gastrointestinal obstruction during a mountain climbing expedition.
- The patient's symptoms were indicative of SMAS, exacerbated by the physical demands of her activity.
- Diagnostic imaging, specifically a barium meal, confirmed the duodenal obstruction.
Findings:
- The barium study revealed the characteristic compression of the duodenum.
- Surgical intervention was deemed necessary to address the severe obstruction.
- A bypass procedure was successfully performed to restore duodenal patency.
Implications:
- This case highlights the potential for SMAS to manifest in young, active individuals, particularly after rapid weight loss.
- Surgical bypass offers an effective treatment option for relieving SMAS-induced gastrointestinal obstruction.
- Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing SMAS and preventing complications.